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The Bollywood Smile

In this article, Lola Welch will take us through the journey of a young patient that wish to have the perfect Bollywood Smile. The case is based on a Double Structure Milled bar on the upper and on a Wrap-Around bar on the lower.

The patient

Patient is a 35 years Old female from New Delhi. She lost multiple teeth in a bicycle accident in her early teens. At the time her missing dentition was restored with partial dentures. Her oral hygiene is good and she is finally in a stable financial situation that allows her to invest in advanced dental treatment. After the period of temporisation the patient is ready for her definitives.

She is an actress and to her the aesthetics are one of the most important factors. During the consultation the patient expressed her desire of restoring her appearance as closely as possible to “the smile she had lost”. She didn’t have pictures of herself from before the accident, however she did provide me with a collage of her favorite Bollywood actresses and their smiles.

She remembers her Old smile was young looking and natural with regard to the shape and arrangement of her teeth. She is aware that in her profession her smile might become her trademark and she would like it to be not only beautiful but also unique. So far her acting roles were small and she hasn’t appeared in many scenes where her teeth could be clearly visible, so the timing is perfect. I have a chance to change her appearance and help her to create a new beautiful and recognisable smile.

Apart from the aesthetics, she is particularly concerned about her speech so phonetics will have to be taken into consideration in this process. In her youth her teeth were not perfect, there was a small asymmetry between her incisors and canines and subtle shade differences, so the decision was made to recreate her lost “perfectly imperfect smile”.


Implant bars

The upper dental implant bar is a Double Structure Milled bar incorporating  MK-1. Supported on 5 Zimmer ACTR implants. The lower is a fixed Wrap-Around bar. Supported on 4 Nobel Biocare Multi-Unit RP implants.


Aesthetics

Patient has requested a natural and young-looking appearance


The Story of the patient

All my adult life is covered with the gloomy cloud of my broken smile… of the memory of that one dark night of the accident. It’s like my life stopped and started again in a different dimension that I’m desperately trying to escape from but I can’t. The “me” before was young, happy, carefree. I wasn’t worried that we don ‘t have much, that my saris are worn out and plain and that sometimes I wished my plate was fuller. I was happy, I had my family, my friends, my Old bicycle and… movies! The Regal Theatre in the center of New Delhi was my happy place.

Movies became my life, my escape and my dream. Watching my favorite actresses, Madhuri, Karishma, Aishwarya and Sonali made me think I want more, I wanted to be one of them. It wasn’t about money or fame but about the beauty and the warm fuzzy feeling I felt just from imagining myself on the big silver screen. There is this one spot in the Indraprastha Park, a bunch of large stone sculptures with human-like faces. I would walk round them, big gray structures towering over my small teenage self, imagining that we are all actors in a big and glorious dancing scene. I could hear the music in my ears!

Then the accident happened. It was dark, the rain was heavy, my bike was Old. That’s it. A split second that changed everything. Losing my smile was the hardest thing I ever had to face in my young life. I don’t know how long I cried for. The hours changed into days and days into months. I thought that was it, I will never be one of “them”. Now I had to wear uncomfortable plates that not only never looked like my lost smile but also stopped me from tasting my mum’s beautiful food. The “Why me” moved into my mind and took over everything!

I couldn’t believe it when I was first offered the chance to act! For the first time I felt that maybe my dreams will come through after all? The first roles were small and… short! But it didn’t take much time for the scenes to become longer and the characters I was playing more important. But every evening was bringing the reminder of my loss. Of the smile I thought I would never get back.

All those years are in the past! Today is the day I thought would never come. It’s the first day of my new life! Of the smile I never thought I would ever see again and of the flavors I thought I had lost forever. Is the day of a New Era.


Upper jaw

The upper dental implant bar is a Double Structure Milled bar incorporating MKI / REBourkeTM. Supported on 5 Zimmer ACTR implants.

Wrap-around
Lower abutments
Lower analogs

Lower jaw

The lower is a fixed Wrap-Around bar. Supported on 4 Nobel Biocare Multi-Unit RP implants.

Wrap-around
Lower abutments
Lower analogs

Model duplication

To avoid damaging the master casts the duplicates have been created. Transfer jigs were constructed by webbing a “skeleton” out of dental floss and strengthening it with a flowable composite. These jigs helped to stabilize the implant components in the duplicating silicone. Once the silicone was set, the jigs are unscrewed and released the master casts. Then is assembled a new set of implant replicas and will cast the duplicates with white Fuji Rock die stone.

Aligned mandible
Aligned mandible
Aligned mandible
Aligned mandible

Bite Registration

Wrap-around
Lower abutments

Articulation

ARTICULATOR: fully adjustable Artex CR carbon

DESIGN – Arcon

CENTRIC DESIGN – Centric lever for semi-axes

ADDITIONAL FUNCTIONS – Protrusion, retrusion, ISS (immediate side shift), distraction

Aligned mandible

It was used a lab putty in order to stabilize models in a completely parallel position. The upper model was articulated first and followed by the lower.

Wrap-around
Lower abutments
Lower abutments
Lower analogs

Cross articulation

In order to transfer the jaw relation/articulation in the most accurate way, from master casts to working models. Lola constructed a lab putty jig over the implant bars. The upper working model was articulated first against the lower master cast then followed with the articulation of the lower model. This resulted in two sets of models in an identical articulation.

Wrap-around
Lower abutments
Lower analogs

Model analysis

Model analysis is an important tool in determining the “blueprint” of the future set up as it takes into account any atrophy of the two jaws. It’s an assessment of the anatomy and relation of the jaws. The upper jaw is the static counterpart to the lower jaw which is under neuromuscular control. The analysis helps to determine the center of the alveolar ridge and recognize anatomical features like tuberosities, retromolar pads, anatomical midline and the canines position.

In the analysis, the contour of the alveolar ridge on both sides is transferred to the outer surface of the mandibular model using the profile compass. The lowest point of the ridge contour, which marks the left and right occlusal center, is formed by the two contact points with a parallel line to the occlusal plane. These two points indicate the position of the first molar with a tolerance range of about 1 mm in the mesial and distal directions indicated by two small red marks.

The lower first molar and fossae positions are then transferred to the upper jaw model with the model placed in the articulator in order to mark the position of the supporting palatal cusps of the upper first molars. The 4 and 6 positions are marked and also transferred to the model outer surface or model margin. The center of the incisive papilla is determined for the CPC line, the line is extended to the model margin. This is followed by checking the bilateral ridge profile to determine parallelism or divergence. The stop line is also determined.

Wrap-around
Lower abutments
Lower analogs
Lower analogs

Facial analysis

The 3Shape XI CBCT scanner was used to record my patient face in 3D using the facial scan option. This advanced technology helped Lola to perform detailed facial analysis and work on digital smile design proposals.


Tooth selection

Model analysis helps to not only determine tooth position but also their size. However, the actual mould is best chosen taking facial analysis into consideration. It’s also important to listen to the patient and help to fulfil their wishes and desires.

Aligned mandible
Aligned mandible

Shade choice

Tooth color is one of the most important factors in dental and facial aesthetics. In a full mouth restoration, we are not matching any remaining teeth, picking the right shade is extremely important. A really helpful way of determining how white the teeth should be is to compare them to the shade of the whites of the patient’s eyes. The teeth should be a similar shade of white to the sclera. It’s also important to consider the skin complexion when choosing tooth shades as it can be helpful in achieving a pleasing good-looking smile. In modern society, dentistry is often considered not only as purely restorative but also as aesthetic practice and a perfect integration between teeth and facial complexion is highly important.

Wrap-around
Lower abutments
Lower analogs

Final choice

Based on model analysis, shade matching and most importantly patient wishes, I have selected Vita Vitapan Excell anterior and Lingoform posterior teeth in shade IMI/BI however with an intention to “tone” them down by half a shade with composite and stains to achieve a more natural appearance.

It is important to listen to the patient, as often model analysis could indicate choosing one size/mould but it is possible that the patient’s wishes are set on another. As long as the teeth selected don ‘t compromise the function, it is wise to fulfill patient expectations.


Occlusal concept and set up

Implant abutments do not tolerate horizontal forces very well over the long term. Over the years, multiple researchers have indicated that lingualized balanced occlusion is a favorable choice in restoring full mouth implant supported restorations.

The lingualized occlusion concept was developed by Dr A.Gerber. It’s characterized by its narrow support areas on the upper palatal cusps making contact with the lower lingual fossae. The tooth-to-tooth occlusion uses the concept of mortar/pestle and in doing so, allows to reduce the horizontal Shear forces.

Lingualized occlusion is seen by some as not aesthetically pleasing, however this doesn’t have to be the case. The common misconception is that the upper buccal cusps have to be positioned pointing high towards the cheeks. In fact, as long as the contact point lands between the upper palatal cusp and lower lingual fossae and there is a slight open contact on the upper and lower buccal cusps, we are already distributing occlusal forces in a lingualized concept.

Lingualized concept upper palatal cusps making contact with the lower lingual fossae.

Aligned mandible

Processing

To process the bridges with acrylic is chosen the Ivocap injection system from Ivoclar. Ivocap precision processing compensates for acrylic shrinkage as it cures, this results in outstanding accuracy. Before counter flasking Flexistone material is used, which is specially recommended for the injection molding technique and protects acrylic and teeth against plaster. This also cuts down deflasking and finishing times.

After boiling out the wax the frameworks were steam cleaned, sandblasted and MKZ Primer (Bredent) was applied, followed by two thin layers of VITA VM LC opaquer.

Aligned mandible
Aligned mandible

Occlusal adjustments

In order to achieve the perfect occlusion, it is necessary to execute selective grinding of the occlusal points in centric relation (until all contacts are uniform) and to address the dynamic movements and adjust those until a balanced pattern in right & left lateral and protrusive movements is reached.

Full balanced occlusion was chosen for the case and the articulator is adjusted to move the lower jaw into protrusive movement and adjusted the lower incisors enough to have even contacts on both posterior sides. This adjustment opened anterior contacts in centric position. However, for Lola it is an acceptable situation as it’s allowing for the freedom of movement in all directions and it’s eliminating risk of future fractures or breakages.


Teeth characterisation

Acrylic teeth produced by VITA are beautiful straight “off the card”, however to achieve a unique and individualized look I applied a window cutback on the incisal sections. Internal and external staining was created and a mixture of dentine and enamel pastes from Vita (also Akzent LC), Ivolcar (Nexco SR) and Bredent (crea.lign) applied.

For the posterior teeth a small amount of translucent/incisal composite paste was used on the cusps and Vita Akzent LC stains in the fissures.

Wrap-around
Lower abutments
Lower analogs
Lower analogs
Lower analogs
Lower analogs
Lower analogs
Lower analogs

Phonetics

The patient is an actress and her speech is very important to her. During the temporization stage she had some minor difficulties and she was concerned that those will be an issue with her permanent restorations. Speech difficulties are common (but Often overlooked) complications during the restorative process of full-arch implant restorations. The palatal/lingual bulk of the prosthetic places a strain on phonetics and these cases require detailed planning of implant positioning, framework bulk (preserving strength) and adequate volume of acrylic to support the denture teeth without affecting patient’s ability to speak. Taking all this into consideration both bridges were kept, as slim as, possible to allow as much “freedom” for the tongue as possible.

Lingualized occlusion is also considered favorable as by positioning the upper palatal cusps outwards, we are creating more space for the tongue and as it goes less restriction.


Gingiva characterisation

The color of gingival tissues depends mainly on the epithelial thickness, degree of keratinization, pigments and the number and size of vasculature. Carotene, melanin, hemoglobin and oxy-hemoglobin are the main pigments contributing to the appearance of the oral mucosa.

Different ethnic groups have a characteristic gingival color and those are likely due to the degree of oral melanotic pigmentations.

The color of the facial skin serves as a basic guide to the gingival display. People that have a darker skin complexion have moderate to severe gingival tissue pigmentation and those that have a fair/lighter skin complexion have usually mild gingival tissue appearance. The gingival tissue pigmentation is mainly seen on the attached gingiva and interdental papilla and equally less common on the marginal gingiva.

Aligned mandible

DOPI

Dummett-Gupta Oral Pigmentation Index (DOPI) index The DOPI index measures value to the melanin pigmentation clinically seen on an intra-oral examination of gingival tissues.
The classification: 0 = Pink tissue (No gingival pigmentation) 1 = Mild, light brown tissue (Mild gingival pigmentation) 2 = Medium brown or mixed Pink or brown tissue (Moderate gingival pigmentation) 3 = Dark brown or blue/black tissue (heavy gingival pigmentation).

To create a natural looking and ethnically appropriate appearance the selection of Vita VM LC and Ivoclar Nexco SR composites and stains is the adecuate. The dark and intense colors were applied in the base/internal layers followed by lighter pastes and flowable material.

Acrylic wool fibers for recreation of blood vessels in the alveolar mucosa.


Final result

Thank you, Lola Welch, DT


Materials and settings

Articulator:
Artex CR (Amann Girrbach)
Upper Teeth:
Vitapan Excell (VITA)
Lower Teeth:
Vitapan Lingoform (VITA)
Condyle Settings:
Left and right condyles was set at 30°
Incisal Guidance:
Incisal guidance was set at 0°


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